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EVA from a Senior Management Perspective
Highly Recommended!
Aligning Shareholder and Manager InterestsSecond, generally accepted accounting principles do not align expenses with benefits, distorting economic reality. As a result, investors who want to compare the cash they can take out of a company with the cash they have invested are hampered.
The authors argue Economic Value Added (EVA) is a true measure of a company's economic performance, in addition to being a strategy for creating shareholder value. Properly implemented, they state, EVA frees the measurement of corporate performance from the vagaries of accounting principles and gives both shareholders and management a clear picture of the value the company creates.
EVA is the profit that remains after deducting the cost of the capital invested to generate that profit or EVA = Net Operating Profit After-Tax minus capital charge. Effectively implemented, the tool becomes the basis for an incentive plan that rewards managers for actions that increase shareholder returns and vice versa.
John S. Shiely, president of Briggs and Stratton and co-author of the book, notes this strategy provided the foundation of his company's turnaround. In 1989, the world's largest producer of air-cooled engines had an EVA of negative $62 million based on $1.3 billion in sales. By re-organizing and focusing its strategy while developing its EVA program, the company staged a dramatic turnaround. By 1999, it reported a record positive EVA of $50.9 million. Shareholders, who bought $100 worth of stock at the beginning of the program, saw it increase in value to $673 in 1999.
The authors claim EVA is ideal for knowledge-based companies making heavy infrastructure investments today for any anticipated return later. EVA treats cash outlays that represent investments as capital rather than expenses. The capital in these knowledge based industries consists of research, development, marketing, advertising and start-up costs. Accounts view these expenditures as expenses, but it is realistic to capitalize them and amortize them over their useful lives.

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Unlike other financial ratios like EPS, or earnings per share, and ROE, or return on equity, EVA takes into account a critical factor: the cost of capital, or how much it costs to produce $1 in profit. Other measurements can be misleading because they show profits without deducting the price of producing them--a company that spends $1 to earn $1 could still appear profitable. As a result, Ehrbar says, those ratios can often show "accounting profits" rather than true profits as does EVA.
Ehrbar, a former editor and writer at such publications as Fortune and the Wall Street Journal, builds a convincing case for EVA. Take Wal-Mart vs. Kmart in the 1980s, Ehrbar writes. By traditional accounting measures, Kmart appeared to be the more profitable company, with an average gross profit margin of about 29 percent, while Wal-Mart's was only about 23 percent. But over the decade, Kmart's market value plummeted and Wal-Mart's surged. "So why was Wal-Mart a winner and Kmart a loser? Because Wal-Mart was using its capital more efficiently," Ehrbar writes, with higher sales per square foot of space and lower inventory as percentage of sales than Kmart. While EVA is geared for corporate managers, investors also will find a comprehensive method for judging a company's value. --Dan Ring

reviewers pls be more truthful
Give me a break!Yes, EVA is a valuable, useful tool that has brought accounting out of the dark ages, but you already knew that -- that's why you're looking for books on EVA, right? Unfortunately, this particular book goes to a lot of trouble to try to convince you of what I just stated in the previous sentence. There. Now you don't need to buy this book.
I wish I could tell you which book to buy about how to practically implement EVA in your company, but, unfortunately, I'm still looking for a book that does that.
A fresh look at management.Al Ehrbar has written an very elegant, lucid and readable explanation of EVA. Anyone involved in any business of any kind, either as owner, manager or investor, can only profit from reading this book.

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Fails to keep its promise: Metric War + CompensationMy rating has got these origins: Empirical research on Compensation,EVA and CFROI-Fade: A+. Discussion of EVA/CFROI: D-. Terminology: D value for 'Hands-on-valuation': F- Structure: F- Style: F-.
This book does contain interesting empirical research on EVA etc, but it does not offer 'A practical Guide to Implementation' because it does not contain a STAGE-Approach. Its terminology differs from any other book I've read, you must often guess, which formulas the authors used, because they did not have the courtesy to express their formulas. Some formulas are wrong nad their discussion of the 'metrics war' betweenn EVA and CFROI lags 5 years behind reality. They attack old methods of CFROI,which Boston Consulting and Holt Value published 5 (!) years ago. They fail to know, that BCG have refined CVA/CFROI and that BAYER. Lufthansa,and VEBA have implemented these refined CFROI-techniques,which are way better, than the old methods, which the book attacks.
Moreover, this book is terrible to read due to a lack of structure, the absence of clear definitions, the lack of formulas, a wordy style,which exhausts your nerves, and many value judgements....
Highly Recommended!
Excellent book


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I was hoping the book would deal with more of the matamatics associated with defining EVA in relation to various projects and business decisions. This book contailed very little information in this regard.